Challenges of Formalising the Informal in German VET - Validation, Certification and Recognition of Competences

Abstract

"Whereas in a lot of countries work-based learning is geared to meet industrial needs and to enhance employability, work-based-learning within the dual system in Germany is determined by the law on VET and by a holistic understanding laid down in sec. 1 of the Vocational Training Act: "Initial training shall, through a systematic training programme, impart the vocational skills, knowledge and qualifications (vocational competence) necessary to engage in a form of skilled occupational activity within the context of a changing working world. Initial training shall also enable apprentices to acquire the necessary occupational experience". Therefore, work-based learning is rooted at the core of the German dual system of VET. Learning takes place directly in enterprises and requires apprentices to take on "real duties" and tasks of the company or institution where they are placed. Dual VET standards are allocated within the German Qualification Framework on level three and four, which provide a framework in order to create transparency with regard to professional and vocational qualifications. It forms the foundation for the assessment of equivalence of certificates and acts as a guide but does not have a regulatory function. Our contribution aims to introduce three venues of documenting, validating, and certifying competences, skills and work experience in Germany: the Federal German Recognition Act which came into effect in April 2012, Final Examination at the Awarding Body and ValiKom. Systematically, we want to reflect on the term of recognition in various contexts: for access to the employment system, for further career development and for further educational pathways. This will be illustrated by two case studies of employees seeking recognition. Finally, we reflect on ambiguous effects and challenges of establishing an informal pathway to accreditation to the formal system of VET in Germany." (excerpt; BIBB-Doku)