(Aus)Bildungsstrukturen in den Therapieberufen - vom "Sackgassenberuf" zu neuen durchlässigeren Bildungswegen in der Aus- und Weiterbildung - historische Einblicke
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Abstract
"Therapieberufe, die zu den Gesundheitsfachberufen zählen, wurden bislang traditionell ausschließlich an Berufsfachschulen ausgebildet. Historisch betrachtet entwickelten sich die Therapieberufe zunächst als reine Frauenberufe aus den Anfängen des Berufsbildungssystems an der Schwelle zum 20. Jahrhundert, zeitlich parallel zum dualen Ausbildungssystem. Der Weg der Verberuflichung, rechtlichen Normierung und Einordnung in das heutige Berufsbildungssystem unterlag jedoch gänzlich anderen Bedingungen und Weichenstellungen, was die Struktur der Berufe bis heute prägt und ihre Weiterentwicklung hemmt. Kernpunkt des Aufsatzes ist die Systematisierung der bisherigen Ausbildungs- und Weiterbildungsstrukturen innerhalb der therapeutischen Gesundheitsfachberufe. Basis bildet dabei die besondere historische Entwicklung der Berufe Ergotherapie und Physiotherapie. Für diese Therapieberufe endete der formale Bildungsweg traditionell nach der beruflichen Erstausbildung in der Sekundarstufe II und eine formale Weiterqualifizierung im tertiären oder quartären Bildungsbereich war nicht vorgesehen. Entsprechend galten sie bislang als sogenannte "Sackgassenberufe". Die berufliche Bildung steht hier heute vor der Herausforderung, die Absolvent(inn)en auf veränderte berufliche Anforderungen mit einem geeigneten Ausbildungsformat vorzubereiten. Hier werden unterschiedliche Wege gegangen, von der Anpassung der Berufsgesetze über das Erproben neuer Ausbildungs- und Weiterbildungswege im tertiären Bereich. Die historische Entwicklung der Berufsstrukturen erweist sich hier als gewichtiger Faktor, der die Entwicklung der Berufe bislang an vielen Stellen gehemmt hat und bis heute beeinflusst." (Autorenreferat; BIBB-Doku)
"Therapeutic professions that are classified as health care professions have traditionally been taught exclusively at vocational colleges (Berufsfachschulen). From a historical point of view, therapeutic professions initially developed as purely female occupations from the beginnings of the vocational education and training system at the turn of the 20th century at the same time that the dual training system was evolving. The process of professionalisation, legal standardisation and classification in the current vocational education and training system was, however, subject to completely different conditions and priorities for therapeutic professions, which still characterises the structure of such professions today and hinders their further development. The central point of the article is the systematisation of previous initial and follow-on training structures within the therapeutic health care professions. The basis for this is the special historical development of the professions of occupational therapy and physiotherapy. Formal education for these therapeutic professions traditionally ended after initial vocational training at upper secondary level and no further formal qualification in tertiary or higher education was possible. This meant that they were thought of as dead-end professions. The challenge facing vocational education and training today is to prepare school-leavers for changing vocational demands by providing them with an appropriate training format. This involves a number of different approaches such as adapting occupation-related legislation and testing new initial and follow-on training in tertiary education. The historical development of occupational structures is proving to be an important factor that has so far hampered the development of professions in many ways and continues to do so today." (authors' abstract; BIBB-Doku)
"Therapeutic professions that are classified as health care professions have traditionally been taught exclusively at vocational colleges (Berufsfachschulen). From a historical point of view, therapeutic professions initially developed as purely female occupations from the beginnings of the vocational education and training system at the turn of the 20th century at the same time that the dual training system was evolving. The process of professionalisation, legal standardisation and classification in the current vocational education and training system was, however, subject to completely different conditions and priorities for therapeutic professions, which still characterises the structure of such professions today and hinders their further development. The central point of the article is the systematisation of previous initial and follow-on training structures within the therapeutic health care professions. The basis for this is the special historical development of the professions of occupational therapy and physiotherapy. Formal education for these therapeutic professions traditionally ended after initial vocational training at upper secondary level and no further formal qualification in tertiary or higher education was possible. This meant that they were thought of as dead-end professions. The challenge facing vocational education and training today is to prepare school-leavers for changing vocational demands by providing them with an appropriate training format. This involves a number of different approaches such as adapting occupation-related legislation and testing new initial and follow-on training in tertiary education. The historical development of occupational structures is proving to be an important factor that has so far hampered the development of professions in many ways and continues to do so today." (authors' abstract; BIBB-Doku)
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