Konnektive Didaktik zur Verknüpfung schulischen und betrieblichen Lernens – Kognitionspsychologische Grundlagen und didaktische Konsequenzen
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Abstract
„Eine Didaktik beruflicher Bildung ist angesiedelt im Spannungsfeld schulischen und betrieblichen Lernens. Auch wenn intendierte und angeleitete Lernprozesse hauptsächlich dem Lernort Schule zugewiesen werden, so beziehen sich die Lerninhalte doch fast ausnahmslos auf den zukünftig auszuübenden Beruf und dessen konkretisierten Gegenstandsbereich im Betrieb. Dieser Einbezug betrieblicher Praxis in schulische Lernprozesse ist in dualen Bildungsgängen per definitionem vorgesehen. In vollzeitschulischen Ausbildungen oder in berufsvorbereitenden Maßnahmen sowie in der Berufsorientierung wird er zumeist über Praktika in Betrieben realisiert. Damit stellt sich für eine Didaktik beruflicher Bildung fortwährend die Frage nach der Konnektivität der Lernprozesse bzw. danach, wie schulische und betriebliche Lernerfahrungen aufeinander bezogen werden können. Ein Blick in die Literatur zeigt, dass Lernprozesse an den beiden Lernorten zumeist getrennt betrachtet werden. Ein lernpsychologisch fundiertes Modell zur Verknüpfung schulischen und betrieblichen Lernens und damit auch zur Einbettung betrieblicher Erfahrungen in schulische Lernprozesse fehlt nach Ansicht der Autorin. In diesem Beitrag wird ausgehend vom Konzept des Lernhandelns der Versuch unternommen, ein konnektives Modell für die Verknüpfung schulischen und betrieblichen Lernens zu entwickeln, das von lernpsychologischen Grundlagen ausgeht, diese mit Blick auf die unterschiedlichen Lernorte differenziert und daraus mikro- und makrosequenzielle Konsequenzen für schulische und betriebliche Lernprozesse ableitet. Mit der Ausweitung des Lernhandelns auf schulische und betriebliche Lernprozesse gleichermaßen wird ein Beitrag zur Theoriebildung in der Berufs- und Wirtschaftspädagogik geleistet.“ (Autorenreferat; BIBB-Doku)
“The didactics of vocational education and training are located in the interplay between school and company learning. Even if intended and guided learning processes are mainly allocated to the learning venue of the school, the learning content is, almost without exception, related to the future occupation and its concrete scope in the company. This inclusion of company practice in school learning process is, by definition, planned for in dual education and training pathways. In full-time and school-based training provision or in vocational preparation measures, as well as in career guidance, it is mostly achieved through work experience in companies. Thus the ongoing question arises for the didactics of vocational education and training of the connectivity of the learning processes or the question of how school and company learning experiences can relate to each other. A glance at the literature shows that learning processes at both learning venues are mostly perceived separately. A model based on the psychology of learning on the connection between school and company learning and thereby the embedding of in-company experiences in school-based learning processes is absent, in the view of the current author. In this paper, starting with the concept of learning and action, an attempt is made to develop a connective model for the connection of school and company learning, which takes the foundations of learning psychology as a starting point, and differentiates them with regard to the different learning venues and draws out micro- and macro-sequential consequences for school and company learning processes. With the extension of learning and action to school and company learning processes at the same time a contribution is made to theory building in the pedagogy of professional and vocational training.” (author’s abstract; BIBB-Doku)
“The didactics of vocational education and training are located in the interplay between school and company learning. Even if intended and guided learning processes are mainly allocated to the learning venue of the school, the learning content is, almost without exception, related to the future occupation and its concrete scope in the company. This inclusion of company practice in school learning process is, by definition, planned for in dual education and training pathways. In full-time and school-based training provision or in vocational preparation measures, as well as in career guidance, it is mostly achieved through work experience in companies. Thus the ongoing question arises for the didactics of vocational education and training of the connectivity of the learning processes or the question of how school and company learning experiences can relate to each other. A glance at the literature shows that learning processes at both learning venues are mostly perceived separately. A model based on the psychology of learning on the connection between school and company learning and thereby the embedding of in-company experiences in school-based learning processes is absent, in the view of the current author. In this paper, starting with the concept of learning and action, an attempt is made to develop a connective model for the connection of school and company learning, which takes the foundations of learning psychology as a starting point, and differentiates them with regard to the different learning venues and draws out micro- and macro-sequential consequences for school and company learning processes. With the extension of learning and action to school and company learning processes at the same time a contribution is made to theory building in the pedagogy of professional and vocational training.” (author’s abstract; BIBB-Doku)