Herausforderungen und Chancen in der Gestaltung der reformierten praktischen Pflegeausbildung : Eine qualitative Interviewstudie mit Praxisanleitenden
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Abstract
"Im Jahr 2020 wurde mit der Reform der Pflegeausbildung durch das Pflegeberufegesetz (PflBG) die Zusammenführung der Ausbildungsberufe der Alten-, Kranken- und Kinderkrankenpflege in eine generalistische Pflegeausbildung beschlossen. Dieser Schritt wurde notwendig, um den wachsenden Anforderungen an das Pflegepersonal gerecht zu werden. Die vorliegende Studie befasst sich mit den Chancen und Herausforderungen, die Praxisanleitende in der praktischen Ausbildung seit der Reform erleben. Im Rahmen dessen erfolgt eine Fokussierung auf die Gegenüberstellung von zentralen und dezentralen Praxisanleitungen. Die Untersuchung verfolgt das Ziel, Erkenntnisse zu den Rahmenbedingungen zu gewinnen, unter denen Praxisanleitende arbeiten. Zudem soll Verbesserungspotenzial identifiziert werden.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden leitfadengestützte Interviews mit zehn Praxisanleitenden aus der stationären Akutpflege in Nordwest-Niedersachsen durchgeführt. Die Auswahl der Interviewpartner umfasste fünf zentrale und fünf dezentrale Praxisanleitende, die aufgrund ihrer Tätigkeiten spezifische Einblicke in die Umsetzung der Ausbildungsreform bieten konnten. Die Resultate legen dar, dass zentrale Anleitende vermehrt organisatorische und strategische Funktionen wahrnehmen, während dezentrale Anleitende stärker in die unmittelbare Patientenversorgung involviert sind. In beiden Gruppen werden strukturelle Schwierigkeiten berichtet, die sich in Form von Zeit- und Ressourcenmangel sowie unklaren Vorgaben äußern und die Qualität der praktischen Ausbildung beeinflussen.
Die Diskussion verdeutlicht, dass eine optimierte institutionelle Unterstützung, präzise Vorgaben zur Funktion der Praxisanleitenden sowie eine verstärkte Kooperation zwischen den Lern-orten die Qualität der praktischen Ausbildung positiv beeinflussen könnten. Die Studie betont die Relevanz einer gezielten Förderung der Praxisanleitenden, um die Ausbildungsziele zu erreichen und langfristig eine qualitativ hochwertige Pflegeversorgung sicherzustellen." (Autorenreferat ; BIBB-Doku)
"In 2020, the reform of nursing training through the Nursing Professions Act (PflBG) decided to merge the training professions of geriatric, nursing and paediatric nursing into a generalist nursing training programme. This step became necessary in order to meet the growing demands on nursing staff. This study deals with the opportunities and challenges that practical instructors have experienced in practical training since the reform. As part of this, a focus is placed on the comparison of centralised and decentralised practical instructors. The aim of this study is to gain insights into the framework conditions under which practical instructors work. It also aims to identify potential for improvement. As part of this study, guided interviews were conducted with ten practice instructors from inpatient acute care in north-west Lower Saxony. The selection of interview partners comprised five central and five decentralised practice instructors who were able to offer specific insights into the implementation of the training reform due to their activities. The results show that central instructors increasingly perform organisational and strategic functions, while decentralised instructors are more involved in direct patient care. Structural difficulties were reported in both groups, which manifested themselves in the form of a lack of time and resources as well as unclear guidelines and influenced the quality of practical training. The discussion makes it clear that optimised institutional support, precise guidelines on the role of practical instructors and increased cooperation between learning locations could have a positive influence on the quality of practical training. The study emphasises the relevance of targeted support for practical instructors in order to achieve the training objectives and ensure high-quality nursing care in the long term." (author's abstract : BIBB-Doku; Translated with DeepL.com; free version)
"In 2020, the reform of nursing training through the Nursing Professions Act (PflBG) decided to merge the training professions of geriatric, nursing and paediatric nursing into a generalist nursing training programme. This step became necessary in order to meet the growing demands on nursing staff. This study deals with the opportunities and challenges that practical instructors have experienced in practical training since the reform. As part of this, a focus is placed on the comparison of centralised and decentralised practical instructors. The aim of this study is to gain insights into the framework conditions under which practical instructors work. It also aims to identify potential for improvement. As part of this study, guided interviews were conducted with ten practice instructors from inpatient acute care in north-west Lower Saxony. The selection of interview partners comprised five central and five decentralised practice instructors who were able to offer specific insights into the implementation of the training reform due to their activities. The results show that central instructors increasingly perform organisational and strategic functions, while decentralised instructors are more involved in direct patient care. Structural difficulties were reported in both groups, which manifested themselves in the form of a lack of time and resources as well as unclear guidelines and influenced the quality of practical training. The discussion makes it clear that optimised institutional support, precise guidelines on the role of practical instructors and increased cooperation between learning locations could have a positive influence on the quality of practical training. The study emphasises the relevance of targeted support for practical instructors in order to achieve the training objectives and ensure high-quality nursing care in the long term." (author's abstract : BIBB-Doku; Translated with DeepL.com; free version)
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