Should I stay or should I go? : Langfristige Auswirkungen von qualifikationsspezifischen Wanderungsströmen auf Arbeitsangebot und wirtschaftliche Entwicklung
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Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung
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Bonn
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Abstract
„Aufgrund der Alterung der Gesellschaft wird die Anzahl an Erwerbspersonen zwischen 2020 und 2040 um rund 1,8 Millionen Personen zurückgehen. Dies zeigt die QuBe-Basisprojektion, welche von durchschnittlichen jährlichen Wanderungsgewinnen von rund 240.000 Personen ausgeht. In diesem Beitrag demonstrieren wir anhand zweier alternativer Szenarien, was eine geringfügige Erhöhung der Zuwanderung („Pull-Szenario“) bzw. Verringerung der Abwanderung („Bleibe-Szenario“) um jährlich jeweils rund 50.000 Personen im Vergleich zur Basisprojektion ab dem Jahr 2022 bedeuten würde. Beide Wanderungsszenarien entfalten eine positive Wirkung auf das Fachkräfteangebot und die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung. Es wird jedoch deutlich, dass eine Erhöhung der Bleibewahrscheinlichkeit einen unmittelbareren und stärkeren Effekt auf die Bevölkerungsentwicklung und die Wirtschaft hat, da nur jede zweite zuwandernde Person langfristig in Deutschland verweilt. Es ist deshalb lohnenswert, die Bleibewahrscheinlichkeit ausländischer Fachkräfte in Deutschland, z. B. durch die Anerkennung ausländischer Berufsqualifikationen, zu erhöhen. Vor allem das Fachkräfteangebot der mittleren Qualifikationsebene würde davon profitieren.“ (BIBB-Doku)
“Due to the ageing of society, the labour force will decline by around 1.8 million people between 2020 and 2040. This is shown by the QuBe baseline projection, which assumes average annual migration gains of around 240,000 persons. In this paper, we demonstrate on the basis of two alternative scenarios what a slight increase in immigration („pull scenario“) or reduction in emigration („stay scenario“) of about 50,000 persons each year would mean compared to the baseline projection from 2022 onwards. Both migration scenarios have a positive effect on the supply of skilled labour and economic development. However, it becomes clear that an increase in the probability of staying has a more immediate and stronger effect on population development and the economy, as only every second person migrating to Germany stays in Germany in the long term. It is therefore worthwhile to increase the likelihood of foreign skilled workers remaining in Germany, e. g. through the recognition of foreign professional qualifications. Above all, the supply of skilled workers at the middle qualification level would benefit from this.” (BIBB-Doku)
“Due to the ageing of society, the labour force will decline by around 1.8 million people between 2020 and 2040. This is shown by the QuBe baseline projection, which assumes average annual migration gains of around 240,000 persons. In this paper, we demonstrate on the basis of two alternative scenarios what a slight increase in immigration („pull scenario“) or reduction in emigration („stay scenario“) of about 50,000 persons each year would mean compared to the baseline projection from 2022 onwards. Both migration scenarios have a positive effect on the supply of skilled labour and economic development. However, it becomes clear that an increase in the probability of staying has a more immediate and stronger effect on population development and the economy, as only every second person migrating to Germany stays in Germany in the long term. It is therefore worthwhile to increase the likelihood of foreign skilled workers remaining in Germany, e. g. through the recognition of foreign professional qualifications. Above all, the supply of skilled workers at the middle qualification level would benefit from this.” (BIBB-Doku)
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