Das südkoreanische (Aus-)Bildungssystem - Bestimmungsfaktoren und Trends
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Abstract
Bildung hat in Korea einen hohen Stellenwert. Mit der Expansion des Schulwesens und dem Ausbau der Hochschulen seit den 90er Jahren des vergangenen Jahrhunderts stiegen ganze Gesellschaftsschichten auf und Klassenunterschiede verloren an Bedeutung. Diese Entwicklung spiegelt sich in den Ergebnissen der PISA-Studien wider, bei denen koreanische Schüler eine Spitzenposition einnehmen. Mehr als 65 Prozent der 24- bis 35jährigen haben in Südkorea eine Hochschulausbildung, mehr als in jedem anderen OECD-Land. Im Beitrag werden die Entstehungsbedingungen und die kulturellen Hintergründe des südkoreanischen Bildungs- und Erziehungssystems aufgezeigt und deren Einflüsse auf Bildungsprozesse untersucht. Die Autoren beleuchten die Gründe für das Leistungsstreben und gehen der Frage nach, inwieweit das koreanische Bildungssystem (soziale) Mobilität hervorruft bzw. auch durch diese erst seine heutige Gestalt annehmen konnte. Die Autoren sind der Auffassung, dass ohne die Werte und Lehren der konfuzianischen Philosophie, des Buddhismus und des Christentums und ohne eine durchgreifende staatliche Bildungspolitik vor und nach dem Koreakrieg Bildung in Korea nicht ihre unverwechselbare heutige Gestalt hätte. (BIBB-Doku)
"The present essay is about the evolution of the Korean education system and the effects it has on the Korean society. South Korea can look back on a history of rapid growth and industrialisation since the sixties of the last century. Among various factors that contributed to South Korea's unprecedented development, we can make out South Korea's school system that has gained worldwide reputation. What are the roots of its effectiveness? To what extent leads education in South Korea to equal distribution of life chances? In how far it is more than just preparing people for the labour market? In order to answer these questions we look back further in the history of Korea and explain the relevance of certain cultural and religious ideas to Korea's social structure. Korean scholarship is deeply rooted in a centuries-old tradition of Korean Confucianism, but the modern educational system started to take shape due to cultural influences of Western powers and under colonial rule. In the decades after the Korean War, South Korean governments put much stress on an egalitarian development of human resources. With the introduction of market-oriented reforms at the end of the last century, however, education is becoming more and more a privilege of the wealthy and powerful classes of the Korean society." (authors abstract, BIBB-Doku)
"The present essay is about the evolution of the Korean education system and the effects it has on the Korean society. South Korea can look back on a history of rapid growth and industrialisation since the sixties of the last century. Among various factors that contributed to South Korea's unprecedented development, we can make out South Korea's school system that has gained worldwide reputation. What are the roots of its effectiveness? To what extent leads education in South Korea to equal distribution of life chances? In how far it is more than just preparing people for the labour market? In order to answer these questions we look back further in the history of Korea and explain the relevance of certain cultural and religious ideas to Korea's social structure. Korean scholarship is deeply rooted in a centuries-old tradition of Korean Confucianism, but the modern educational system started to take shape due to cultural influences of Western powers and under colonial rule. In the decades after the Korean War, South Korean governments put much stress on an egalitarian development of human resources. With the introduction of market-oriented reforms at the end of the last century, however, education is becoming more and more a privilege of the wealthy and powerful classes of the Korean society." (authors abstract, BIBB-Doku)