Gegenderte Lebensläufe in der Schweiz: Befunde aus der TREE-Studie
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Bern
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Abstract
„Wie viele postindustrielle, wissensbasierte Gesellschaften bzw. Volkswirtschaften haben sich auch in der Schweiz die geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede hinsichtlich des Bildungsstands umgekehrt: Innerhalb von weniger als zwei Jahrzehnten hat der Anteil der jungen Frauen, die einen Bildungsabschluss auf Tertiärstufe erreichen, denjenigen der jungen Männer überstiegen — im Falle der Schweiz um 10 Prozentpunkte. Diese Entwicklung schlägt sich jedoch mitnichten in der Situation der Frauen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt nieder. Sie sind in Führungspositionen deutlich unterrepräsentiert, in schlecht bezahlten Berufen überrepräsentiert und mit persistenten "unerklärten" Lohnunterschieden zu ihren Ungunsten konfrontiert. Die Geschlechtersegregation ist sowohl im Bildungssystem als auch auf dem Arbeitsmarkt nach wie vor ausgeprägt. Die Dominanz der Berufsbildung in der Schweiz ist ausserdem mit einer starken Koppelung von Bildung und Beruf gekennzeichnet, welche die Segregation der Geschlechter tendenziell verstärkt. […] Die detaillierten, reich kontextualisierten Verlaufsdaten der TREE-Panelbefragung erlauben es, die Vergeschlechtlichung von Lebensverläufen quasi «in Echtzeit», d.h. in ihrem Entstehungsprozess zu beobachten. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Befunde, die sich aus Analysen TREE-Daten über die verschiedenen Lebensphasen ab Ende der obligatorischen Schule ergeben. (Autorenreferat, BIBB-Doku)
„Like many post-industrial, knowledge-based societies and economies, Switzerland has experienced a reversal of the gender gap with respect to educational attainment: Within less than two decades, the share of young women attaining a tertiary level degree has exceeded that of young men – by 10% points in the Swiss case. However, this development is far from translating into women’s situation in the labour market. They are markedly underrepresented in managerial positions, overrepresented in low-paying jobs, and experience persistent “unexplained” wage gaps. Both the Swiss education system and the labour market remain deeply affected by gender segregation. As a country with a VET-dominated education system, Switzerland is characterized by a strong education-occupation linkage, which tends to reinforce gender segregation. Gendered labour market trajectories are further accentuated by a social, legislative, fiscal, and economic context hampering reconciliation of family and work, which tends to marginalize or exclude women with children from the labour market. The detailed, richly contextualized trajectory data of the TREE panel survey allow us to observe and analyse the progressive gendering of life courses, as it were, “in its making.” The present contribution provides a synopsis of salient findings drawing on TREE data across the various stages of educational, labour market, and family formation pathways after young people in Switzerland leave compulsory schooling at the age of 15–16. The findings particularly contribute to disentangling the complex, yet powerful mechanisms at work during the transition to post compulsory education and to the labour market.“ (authors‘ abstract; BIBB-Doku)
„Like many post-industrial, knowledge-based societies and economies, Switzerland has experienced a reversal of the gender gap with respect to educational attainment: Within less than two decades, the share of young women attaining a tertiary level degree has exceeded that of young men – by 10% points in the Swiss case. However, this development is far from translating into women’s situation in the labour market. They are markedly underrepresented in managerial positions, overrepresented in low-paying jobs, and experience persistent “unexplained” wage gaps. Both the Swiss education system and the labour market remain deeply affected by gender segregation. As a country with a VET-dominated education system, Switzerland is characterized by a strong education-occupation linkage, which tends to reinforce gender segregation. Gendered labour market trajectories are further accentuated by a social, legislative, fiscal, and economic context hampering reconciliation of family and work, which tends to marginalize or exclude women with children from the labour market. The detailed, richly contextualized trajectory data of the TREE panel survey allow us to observe and analyse the progressive gendering of life courses, as it were, “in its making.” The present contribution provides a synopsis of salient findings drawing on TREE data across the various stages of educational, labour market, and family formation pathways after young people in Switzerland leave compulsory schooling at the age of 15–16. The findings particularly contribute to disentangling the complex, yet powerful mechanisms at work during the transition to post compulsory education and to the labour market.“ (authors‘ abstract; BIBB-Doku)
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