Reference-group effects in vocational education and training (VET) : an exploratory examination of contrast and assimilation effects on VET success

Abstract

"Context: Reference-group effects are well-established in educational psychology. However, whereas they have been thoroughly researched in primary and secondary education, little is known about their influence in vocational educational and training (VET) contexts. In this exploratory study, we examine whether reference-group effects impact multiple indicators of VET success (i.e. satisfaction, motivation and dropout) – over and above the influence of secondary school learning contexts. Approach: To test our assumptions, we worked with a sample of VET students from the National Educational Panel Study. We clustered VET students into VET occupational groups as well as former secondary schools; hence, we calculated cross-sectional multilevel models. Findings: Results show a complex pattern of VET reference-group effects. VET occupational status positively affects VET satisfaction, whereas it negatively influences competition-related motivation. We also found negative contrast effects of VET achievement on VET school satisfaction, but not on any of the other outcomes. Lastly, findings reveal that VET students who went to low track secondary schools are disadvantaged regarding multiple measures of career success." (Authors' abstract, BIBB-Doku)